!= — Determines if one value is not equal to another.
#define — Defines a macro.
#include — Includes an external file for processing.
#undef — Un-defines a macro.
#ifdef — Conditional reading of code.
#ifndef — Conditional reading of code.
$NAME — Calls a defined macro.
% — Modulus operator.
&& — Logical AND operator.
> — Determines if one value is greater than another.
>= — Determines if one value is greater than or equal to another.
< — Determines if one value is less than another.
<= — Determines if one value is less than or equal to another.
* — Multiplication operator.
+ — Addition operator
- — Subtraction operator.
/ — Division operator.
= — Performs a simple assignment.
== — Compares two values for equality.
^ — “Power of” operator.
|| — Logical OR operator.
0dbfs — Sets the value of 0 decibels using full scale amplitude.
& — Bitwise AND operator.
| — Bitwise OR operator.
¬ — Bitwise NOT operator.
# — Bitwise NON EQUIVALENCE operator.
a — Converts a k-rate parameter to an a-rate value with interpolation.
abs — Returns an absolute value.
active — Returns the number of active instances of an instrument.
adsr — Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using linear segments.
adsyn — Output is an additive set of individually controlled sinusoids, using an oscillator bank.
adsynt — Performs additive synthesis with an arbitrary number of partials, not necessarily harmonic.
adsynt2 — Performs additive synthesis with an arbitrary number of partials -not necessarily harmonic- with interpolation.
aftouch — Get the current after-touch value for this channel.
alpass — Reverberates an input signal with a flat frequency response.
ampdb — Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x.
ampdbfs — Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x, which is relative to full scale amplitude.
ampmidi — Get the velocity of the current MIDI event.
areson — A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode.
aresonk — A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode.
atone — A hi-pass filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tone opcode.
atonek — A hi-pass filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tonek opcode.
atonex — Emulates a stack of filters using the atone opcode.
babo — A physical model reverberator.
balance — Adjust one audio signal according to the values of another.
bamboo — Semi-physical model of a bamboo sound.
barmodel — Creates a tone similar to a struck metal bar.
bbcutm — Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a mono audio stream.
bbcuts — Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a stereo audio stream.
betarand — Beta distribution random number generator (positive values only).
bexprnd — Exponential distribution random number generator.
bformenc — Codes a signal into the ambisonic B format
bformdec — Decodes an ambisonic B format signal
binit — PVS tracks to amplitude+frequency conversion.
biquad — A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter.
biquada — A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter with a-rate parameters.
birnd — Returns a random number in a bi-polar range.
bqrez — A second-order multi-mode filter.
butbp — Same as the butterbp opcode.
butbr — Same as the butterbr opcode.
buthp — Same as the butterhp opcode.
butlp — Same as the butterlp opcode.
butterbp — A band-pass Butterworth filter.
butterbr — A band-reject Butterworth filter.
butterhp — A high-pass Butterworth filter.
butterlp — A low-pass Butterworth filter.
buzz — Output is a set of harmonically related sine partials.
cabasa — Semi-physical model of a cabasa sound.
cauchy — Cauchy distribution random number generator.
ceil — Returns the smallest integer not less than x
cent — Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of cents.
cggoto — Conditionally transfer control on every pass.
chanctrl — Get the current value of a MIDI channel controller.
changed — k-rate signal change detector.
chani — Reads data from the software bus
chano — Send data to the outwards software bus
chebyshevpoly — Efficiently evaluates the sum of Chebyshev polynomials of arbitrary order.
chn — Declare a channel of the named software bus.
chnclear — Clears an audio output channel of the named software bus.
chnexport — Export a global variable as a channel of the bus.
chnget — Reads data from the software bus.
chnmix — Writes audio data to the named software bus, mixing to the previous output.
chnparams — Query parameters of a channel.
chnset — Writes data to the named software bus.
cigoto — Conditionally transfer control during the i-time pass.
ckgoto — Conditionally transfer control during the p-time passes.
clear — Zeroes a list of audio signals.
clfilt — Implements low-pass and high-pass filters of different styles.
clip — Clips a signal to a predefined limit.
clockoff — Stops one of a number of internal clocks.
clockon — Starts one of a number of internal clocks.
cngoto — Transfers control on every pass when a condition is not true.
comb — Reverberates an input signal with a “colored” frequency response.
compress — Compress, limit, expand, duck or gate an audio signal.
convle — Same as the convolve opcode.
convolve — Convolves a signal and an impulse response.
cos — Performs a cosine function.
cosh — Performs a hyperbolic cosine function.
cosinv — Performs a arccosine function.
cps2pch — Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second (Hz) for equal divisions of the octave.
cpsmidi — Get the note number of the current MIDI event, expressed in cycles-per-second.
cpsmidib — Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in cycles-per-second.
cpsmidinn — Converts a Midi note number value to cycles-per-second.
cpsoct — Converts an octave-point-decimal value to cycles-per-second.
cpspch — Converts a pitch-class value to cycles-per-second.
cpstmid — Get a MIDI note number (allows customized micro-tuning scales).
cpstun — Returns micro-tuning values at k-rate.
cpstuni — Returns micro-tuning values at init-rate.
cpsxpch — Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second (Hz) for equal divisions of any interval.
cpuprc — Control allocation of cpu resources on a per-instrument basis, to optimize realtime output.
cross2 — Cross synthesis using FFT's.
crunch — Semi-physical model of a crunch sound.
ctrl14 — Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
ctrl21 — Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
ctrl7 — Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
ctrlinit — Sets the initial values for a set of MIDI controllers.
cuserrnd — Continuous USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.
dam — A dynamic compressor/expander.
date — Returns the number seconds since 1 January 1970.
dates — Returns as a string the date and time specified.
db — Returns the amplitude equivalent for a given decibel amount.
dbamp — Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x.
dbfsamp — Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x, relative to full scale amplitude.
dcblock — A DC blocking filter.
dconv — A direct convolution opcode.
delay — Delays an input signal by some time interval.
delay1 — Delays an input signal by one sample.
delayk — Delays an input signal by some time interval.
delayr — Reads from an automatically established digital delay line.
delayw — Writes the audio signal to a digital delay line.
deltap — Taps a delay line at variable offset times.
deltap3 — Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses cubic interpolation.
deltapi — Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses interpolation.
deltapn — Taps a delay line at variable offset times.
deltapx — Read to or write from a delay line with interpolation.
deltapxw — Mixes the input signal to a delay line.
denorm — Mixes low level noise to a list of a-rate signals
diff — Modify a signal by differentiation.
diskgrain — Synchronous granular synthesis, using a soundfile as source.
diskin — Reads audio data from an external device or stream and can alter its pitch.
diskin2 — Reads audio data from a file, and can alter its pitch using one of several available interpolation types, as well as convert the sample rate to match the orchestra sr setting.
dispfft — Displays the Fourier Transform of an audio or control signal.
display — Displays the audio or control signals as an amplitude vs. time graph.
distort — Distort an audio signal via waveshaping and optional clipping.
distort1 — Modified hyperbolic tangent distortion.
divz — Safely divides two numbers.
downsamp — Modify a signal by down-sampling.
dripwater — Semi-physical model of a water drop.
dumpk — Periodically writes an orchestra control-signal value to an external file.
dumpk2 — Periodically writes two orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
dumpk3 — Periodically writes three orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
dumpk4 — Periodically writes four orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
duserrnd — Discrete USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.
else — Executes a block of code when an "if...then" condition is false.
elseif — Defines another "if...then" condition when a "if...then" condition is false.
endif — Closes a block of code that begins with an "if...then" statement.
endin — Ends the current instrument block.
endop — Marks the end of an user-defined opcode block.
envlpx — Applies an envelope consisting of 3 segments.
envlpxr — The envlpx opcode with a final release segment.
eqfil — Equalizer filter
event — Generates a score event from an instrument.
event_i — Generates a score event from an instrument.
exitnow — Exit csound as fast as possible, with no cleaning up.
exp — Returns e raised to the x-th power.
expcurve — This opcode implements a formula for generating a normalised exponential curve in range 0 - 1. It is based on the Max / MSP work of Eric Singer (c) 1994.
expon — Trace an exponential curve between specified points.
exprand — Exponential distribution random number generator (positive values only).
expseg — Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points.
expsega — An exponential segment generator operating at a-rate.
expsegr — Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points including a release segment.
ficlose — Closes a previously opened file.
filelen — Returns the length of a sound file.
filenchnls — Returns the number of channels in a sound file.
filepeak — Returns the peak absolute value of a sound file.
filesr — Returns the sample rate of a sound file.
filter2 — Performs filtering using a transposed form-II digital filter lattice with no time-varying control.
fin — Read signals from a file at a-rate.
fini — Read signals from a file at i-rate.
fink — Read signals from a file at k-rate.
fiopen — Opens a file in a specific mode.
flanger — A user controlled flanger.
flashtxt — Allows text to be displayed from instruments like sliders
flooper — Function-table-based crossfading looper.
flooper2 — Function-table-based crossfading looper.
floor — Returns the largest integer not greater than x
fmb3 — Uses FM synthesis to create a Hammond B3 organ sound.
fmbell — Uses FM synthesis to create a tublar bell sound.
fmmetal — Uses FM synthesis to create a “Heavy Metal” sound.
fmpercfl — Uses FM synthesis to create a percussive flute sound.
fmrhode — Uses FM synthesis to create a Fender Rhodes electric piano sound.
fmvoice — FM Singing Voice Synthesis
fmwurlie — Uses FM synthesis to create a Wurlitzer electric piano sound.
fof — Produces sinusoid bursts useful for formant and granular synthesis.
fof2 — Produces sinusoid bursts including k-rate incremental indexing with each successive burst.
fofilter — Formant filter.
fog — Audio output is a succession of grains derived from data in a stored function table
fold — Adds artificial foldover to an audio signal.
follow — Envelope follower unit generator.
follow2 — Another controllable envelope extractor.
foscil — A basic frequency modulated oscillator.
foscili — Basic frequency modulated oscillator with linear interpolation.
fout — Outputs a-rate signals to an arbitrary number of channels.
fouti — Outputs i-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.
foutir — Outputs i-rate signals from an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.
foutk — Outputs k-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file, in raw (headerless) format.
fprintks — Similar to printks but prints to a file.
fprints — Similar to prints but prints to a file.
frac — Returns the fractional part of a decimal number.
freeverb — Opcode version of Jezar's Freeverb
ftchnls — Returns the number of channels in a stored function table.
ftconv — Low latency multichannel convolution, using a function table as impulse response source.
ftfree — Deletes function table.
ftgen — Generate a score function table from within the orchestra.
ftgentmp — Generate a score function table from within the orchestra, which is deleted at the end of the note.
ftlen — Returns the size of a stored function table.
ftload — Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file.
ftloadk — Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file.
ftlptim — Returns the loop segment start-time of a stored function table number.
ftmorf — Morphs between multiple ftables as specified in a list.
ftsave — Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file.
ftsavek — Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file.
ftsr — Returns the sampling-rate of a stored function table.
gain — Adjusts the amplitude audio signal according to a root-mean-square value.
gainslider — An implementation of a logarithmic gain curve which is similar to the gainslider~ object from Cycling 74 Max / MSP.
gauss — Gaussian distribution random number generator.
gbuzz — Output is a set of harmonically related cosine partials.
getcfg — Return Csound settings.
gogobel — Audio output is a tone related to the striking of a cow bell or similar.
goto — Transfer control on every pass.
grain — Generates granular synthesis textures.
grain2 — Easy-to-use granular synthesis texture generator.
grain3 — Generate granular synthesis textures with more user control.
granule — A more complex granular synthesis texture generator.
guiro — Semi-physical model of a guiro sound.
harmon — Analyze an audio input and generate harmonizing voices in synchrony.
harmon2 — Analyze an audio input and generate harmonizing voices in synchrony with formants preserved.
hilbert — A Hilbert transformer.
hrtfer — Creates 3D audio for two speakers.
hrtfmove — Generates dynamic 3d binaural audio for headphones using magnitude interpolation and phase truncation.
hrtfmove2 — Generates dynamic 3d binaural audio for headphones using a Woodworth based spherical head model with improved low frequency phase accuracy.
hrtfstat — Generates static 3d binaural audio for headphones using a Woodworth based spherical head model with improved low frequency phase accuracy.
hsboscil — An oscillator which takes tonality and brightness as arguments.
hvs1 — Allows one-dimensional Hyper Vectorial Synthesis (HVS) controlled by externally-updated k-variables.
hvs2 — Allows two-dimensional Hyper Vectorial Synthesis (HVS) controlled by externally-updated k-variables.
hvs3 — Allows three-dimensional Hyper Vectorial Synthesis (HVS) controlled by externally-updated k-variables.
i — Returns an init-type equivalent of a k-rate argument.
if — Branches conditionally at initialization or during performance time.
igoto — Transfer control during the i-time pass.
ihold — Creates a held note.
imagecreate — Create an empty image of a given size.
imagefree — Frees memory allocated for a previously loaded or created image.
imagegetpixel — Return the RGB pixel values of a previously opened or created image.
imageload — Load an image.
imagesave — Save a previously created image.
imagesetpixel — Set the RGB value of a pixel inside a previously opened or created image.
imagesize — Return the width and height of a previously opened or created image.
in — Reads mono audio data from an external device or stream.
inch — Reads from a numbered channel in an external audio signal or stream.
init — Puts the value of the i-time expression into a k- or a-rate variable.
initc14 — Initializes the controllers used to create a 14-bit MIDI value.
initc21 — Initializes the controllers used to create a 21-bit MIDI value.
initc7 — Initializes the controller used to create a 7-bit MIDI value.
inrg — Allow input from a range of adjacent audio channels from the audio input device
ins — Reads stereo audio data from an external device or stream.
insremot — An opcode which can be used to implement a remote orchestra. This opcode will send note events from a source machine to one destination.
insglobal — An opcode which can be used to implement a remote orchestra. This opcode will send note events from a source machine to many destinations.
instr — Starts an instrument block.
int — Extracts an integer from a decimal number.
integ — Modify a signal by integration.
interp — Converts a control signal to an audio signal using linear interpolation.
invalue — Reads a k-rate signal from a user-defined channel.
inz — Reads multi-channel audio samples into a ZAK array from an external device or stream.
jacktransport — Start/stop jack_transport and can optionally relocate the playback head.
jitter — Generates a segmented line whose segments are randomly generated.
jitter2 — Generates a segmented line with user-controllable random segments.
jspline — A jitter-spline generator.
k — Converts a i-rate parameter to an k-rate value.
kgoto — Transfer control during the p-time passes.
kr — Sets the control rate.
ksmps — Sets the number of samples in a control period.
ktableseg — Deprecated.
lfo — A low frequency oscillator of various shapes.
limit — Sets the lower and upper limits of the value it processes.
line — Trace a straight line between specified points.
linen — Applies a straight line rise and decay pattern to an input amp signal.
linenr — The linen opcode extended with a final release segment.
lineto — Generate glissandos starting from a control signal.
linrand — Linear distribution random number generator (positive values only).
linseg — Trace a series of line segments between specified points.
linsegr — Trace a series of line segments between specified points including a release segment.
locsend — Distributes the audio signals of a previous locsig opcode.
locsig — Takes and input signal and distributes between 2 or 4 channels.
log — Returns a natural log.
log10 — Returns a base 10 log.
logbtwo — Performs a logarithmic base two calculation.
logcurve — This opcode implements a formula for generating a normalised logarithmic curve in range 0 - 1. It is based on the Max / MSP work of Eric Singer (c) 1994.
loop_ge — Looping constructions.
loop_gt — Looping constructions.
loop_le — Looping constructions.
loop_lt — Looping constructions.
loopseg — Generate control signal consisting of linear segments delimited by two or more specified points.
loopsegp — Control signals based on linear segments.
lorenz — Implements the Lorenz system of equations.
loscil — Read sampled sound from a table.
loscil3 — Read sampled sound from a table using cubic interpolation.
loscilx — Loop oscillator.
lowpass2 — A resonant lowpass filter.
lowres — Another resonant lowpass filter.
lowresx — Simulates layers of serially connected resonant lowpass filters.
lpf18 — A 3-pole sweepable resonant lowpass filter.
lpfreson — Resynthesises a signal from the data passed internally by a previous lpread, applying formant shifting.
lphasor — Generates a table index for sample playback
lpinterp — Computes a new set of poles from the interpolation between two analysis.
lposcil — Read sampled sound from a table with optional looping and high precision.
lposcil3 — Read sampled sound from a table with high precision and cubic interpolation.
lposcila — Read sampled sound from a table with optional looping and high precision.
lposcilsa — Read stereo sampled sound from a table with optional looping and high precision.
lposcilsa2 — Read stereo sampled sound from a table with optional looping and high precision.
lpread — Reads a control file of time-ordered information frames.
lpreson — Resynthesises a signal from the data passed internally by a previous lpread.
lpshold — Generate control signal consisting of held segments.
lpsholdp — Control signals based on held segments.
lpslot — Selects the slot to be use by further lp opcodes.
mac — Multiplies and accumulates a- and k-rate signals.
maca — Multiply and accumulate a-rate signals only.
madsr — Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the linsegr mechanism.
mandel — Mandelbrot set
mandol — An emulation of a mandolin.
marimba — Physical model related to the striking of a wooden block.
massign — Assigns a MIDI channel number to a Csound instrument.
max — Produces a signal that is the maximum of any number of input signals.
maxabs — Produces a signal that is the maximum of the absolute values of any number of input signals.
maxabsaccum — Accumulates the maximum of the absolute values of audio signals.
maxaccum — Accumulates the maximum value of audio signals.
maxalloc — Limits the number of allocations of an instrument.
max_k — Local maximum (or minimum) value of an incoming asig signal
mclock — Sends a MIDI CLOCK message.
mdelay — A MIDI delay opcode.
metro — Trigger Metronome
midic14 — Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
midic21 — Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
midic7 — Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
midichannelaftertouch — Gets a MIDI channel's aftertouch value.
midichn — Returns the MIDI channel number from which the note was activated.
midicontrolchange — Gets a MIDI control change value.
midictrl — Get the current value (0-127) of a specified MIDI controller.
mididefault — Changes values, depending on MIDI activation.
midiin — Returns a generic MIDI message received by the MIDI IN port.
midinoteoff — Gets a MIDI noteoff value.
midinoteoncps — Gets a MIDI note number as a cycles-per-second frequency.
midinoteonkey — Gets a MIDI note number value.
midinoteonoct — Gets a MIDI note number value as octave-point-decimal value.
midinoteonpch — Gets a MIDI note number as a pitch-class value.
midion — Generates MIDI note messages at k-rate.
midion2 — Sends noteon and noteoff messages to the MIDI OUT port.
midiout — Sends a generic MIDI message to the MIDI OUT port.
midipitchbend — Gets a MIDI pitchbend value.
midipolyaftertouch — Gets a MIDI polyphonic aftertouch value.
midiprogramchange — Gets a MIDI program change value.
miditempo — Returns the current tempo at k-rate, of either the MIDI file (if available) or the score
midremot — An opcode which can be used to implement a remote midi orchestra. This opcode will send midi events from a source machine to one destination.
midglobal — An opcode which can be used to implement a remote midi orchestra. This opcode will broadcast the midi events to all the machines involved in the remote concert.
min — Produces a signal that is the minimum of any number of input signals.
minabs — Produces a signal that is the minimum of the absolute values of any number of input signals.
minabsaccum — Accumulates the minimum of the absolute values of audio signals.
minaccum — Accumulates the minimum value of audio signals.
mirror — Reflects the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds.
MixerSetLevel — Sets the level of a send to a buss.
MixerGetLevel — Gets the level of a send to a buss.
MixerSend — Mixes an arate signal into a channel of a buss.
MixerReceive — Receives an arate signal from a channel of a buss.
MixerClear — Resets all channels of a buss to 0.
mode — A filter that simulates a mass-spring-damper system
monitor — Returns the audio spout frame.
moog — An emulation of a mini-Moog synthesizer.
moogladder