Part II. Reference

Table of Contents

Orchestra Opcodes and Operators

!= — Determines if one value is not equal to another.

#define — Defines a macro.

#include — Includes an external file for processing.

#undef — Un-defines a macro.

#ifdef — Conditional reading of code.

#ifndef — Conditional reading of code.

$NAME — Calls a defined macro.

% — Modulus operator.

&& — Logical AND operator.

> — Determines if one value is greater than another.

>= — Determines if one value is greater than or equal to another.

< — Determines if one value is less than another.

<= — Determines if one value is less than or equal to another.

* — Multiplication operator.

+ — Addition operator

- — Subtraction operator.

/ — Division operator.

= — Performs a simple assignment.

== — Compares two values for equality.

^ — “Power of” operator.

|| — Logical OR operator.

0dbfs — Sets the value of 0 decibels using full scale amplitude.

& — Bitwise AND operator.

| — Bitwise OR operator.

¬ — Bitwise NOT operator.

# — Bitwise NON EQUIVALENCE operator.

a — Converts a k-rate parameter to an a-rate value with interpolation.

abs — Returns an absolute value.

active — Returns the number of active instances of an instrument.

adsr — Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using linear segments.

adsyn — Output is an additive set of individually controlled sinusoids, using an oscillator bank.

adsynt — Performs additive synthesis with an arbitrary number of partials, not necessarily harmonic.

adsynt2 — Performs additive synthesis with an arbitrary number of partials -not necessarily harmonic- with interpolation.

aftouch — Get the current after-touch value for this channel.

alpass — Reverberates an input signal with a flat frequency response.

ampdb — Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x.

ampdbfs — Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x, which is relative to full scale amplitude.

ampmidi — Get the velocity of the current MIDI event.

areson — A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode.

aresonk — A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode.

atone — A hi-pass filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tone opcode.

atonek — A hi-pass filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tonek opcode.

atonex — Emulates a stack of filters using the atone opcode.

babo — A physical model reverberator.

balance — Adjust one audio signal according to the values of another.

bamboo — Semi-physical model of a bamboo sound.

barmodel — Creates a tone similar to a struck metal bar.

bbcutm — Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a mono audio stream.

bbcuts — Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a stereo audio stream.

betarand — Beta distribution random number generator (positive values only).

bexprnd — Exponential distribution random number generator.

bformenc — Codes a signal into the ambisonic B format

bformdec — Decodes an ambisonic B format signal

binit — PVS tracks to amplitude+frequency conversion.

biquad — A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter.

biquada — A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter with a-rate parameters.

birnd — Returns a random number in a bi-polar range.

bqrez — A second-order multi-mode filter.

butbp — Same as the butterbp opcode.

butbr — Same as the butterbr opcode.

buthp — Same as the butterhp opcode.

butlp — Same as the butterlp opcode.

butterbp — A band-pass Butterworth filter.

butterbr — A band-reject Butterworth filter.

butterhp — A high-pass Butterworth filter.

butterlp — A low-pass Butterworth filter.

buzz — Output is a set of harmonically related sine partials.

cabasa — Semi-physical model of a cabasa sound.

cauchy — Cauchy distribution random number generator.

ceil — Returns the smallest integer not less than x

cent — Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of cents.

cggoto — Conditionally transfer control on every pass.

chanctrl — Get the current value of a MIDI channel controller.

changed — k-rate signal change detector.

chani — Reads data from the software bus

chano — Send data to the outwards software bus

chebyshevpoly — Efficiently evaluates the sum of Chebyshev polynomials of arbitrary order.

chn — Declare a channel of the named software bus.

chnclear — Clears an audio output channel of the named software bus.

chnexport — Export a global variable as a channel of the bus.

chnget — Reads data from the software bus.

chnmix — Writes audio data to the named software bus, mixing to the previous output.

chnparams — Query parameters of a channel.

chnset — Writes data to the named software bus.

cigoto — Conditionally transfer control during the i-time pass.

ckgoto — Conditionally transfer control during the p-time passes.

clear — Zeroes a list of audio signals.

clfilt — Implements low-pass and high-pass filters of different styles.

clip — Clips a signal to a predefined limit.

clockoff — Stops one of a number of internal clocks.

clockon — Starts one of a number of internal clocks.

cngoto — Transfers control on every pass when a condition is not true.

comb — Reverberates an input signal with a “colored” frequency response.

compress — Compress, limit, expand, duck or gate an audio signal.

convle — Same as the convolve opcode.

convolve — Convolves a signal and an impulse response.

cos — Performs a cosine function.

cosh — Performs a hyperbolic cosine function.

cosinv — Performs a arccosine function.

cps2pch — Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second (Hz) for equal divisions of the octave.

cpsmidi — Get the note number of the current MIDI event, expressed in cycles-per-second.

cpsmidib — Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in cycles-per-second.

cpsmidinn — Converts a Midi note number value to cycles-per-second.

cpsoct — Converts an octave-point-decimal value to cycles-per-second.

cpspch — Converts a pitch-class value to cycles-per-second.

cpstmid — Get a MIDI note number (allows customized micro-tuning scales).

cpstun — Returns micro-tuning values at k-rate.

cpstuni — Returns micro-tuning values at init-rate.

cpsxpch — Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second (Hz) for equal divisions of any interval.

cpuprc — Control allocation of cpu resources on a per-instrument basis, to optimize realtime output.

cross2 — Cross synthesis using FFT's.

crunch — Semi-physical model of a crunch sound.

ctrl14 — Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.

ctrl21 — Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.

ctrl7 — Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.

ctrlinit — Sets the initial values for a set of MIDI controllers.

cuserrnd — Continuous USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.

dam — A dynamic compressor/expander.

date — Returns the number seconds since 1 January 1970.

dates — Returns as a string the date and time specified.

db — Returns the amplitude equivalent for a given decibel amount.

dbamp — Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x.

dbfsamp — Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x, relative to full scale amplitude.

dcblock — A DC blocking filter.

dconv — A direct convolution opcode.

delay — Delays an input signal by some time interval.

delay1 — Delays an input signal by one sample.

delayk — Delays an input signal by some time interval.

delayr — Reads from an automatically established digital delay line.

delayw — Writes the audio signal to a digital delay line.

deltap — Taps a delay line at variable offset times.

deltap3 — Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses cubic interpolation.

deltapi — Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses interpolation.

deltapn — Taps a delay line at variable offset times.

deltapx — Read to or write from a delay line with interpolation.

deltapxw — Mixes the input signal to a delay line.

denorm — Mixes low level noise to a list of a-rate signals

diff — Modify a signal by differentiation.

diskgrain — Synchronous granular synthesis, using a soundfile as source.

diskin — Reads audio data from an external device or stream and can alter its pitch.

diskin2 — Reads audio data from a file, and can alter its pitch using one of several available interpolation types, as well as convert the sample rate to match the orchestra sr setting.

dispfft — Displays the Fourier Transform of an audio or control signal.

display — Displays the audio or control signals as an amplitude vs. time graph.

distort — Distort an audio signal via waveshaping and optional clipping.

distort1 — Modified hyperbolic tangent distortion.

divz — Safely divides two numbers.

downsamp — Modify a signal by down-sampling.

dripwater — Semi-physical model of a water drop.

dumpk — Periodically writes an orchestra control-signal value to an external file.

dumpk2 — Periodically writes two orchestra control-signal values to an external file.

dumpk3 — Periodically writes three orchestra control-signal values to an external file.

dumpk4 — Periodically writes four orchestra control-signal values to an external file.

duserrnd — Discrete USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.

else — Executes a block of code when an "if...then" condition is false.

elseif — Defines another "if...then" condition when a "if...then" condition is false.

endif — Closes a block of code that begins with an "if...then" statement.

endin — Ends the current instrument block.

endop — Marks the end of an user-defined opcode block.

envlpx — Applies an envelope consisting of 3 segments.

envlpxr — The envlpx opcode with a final release segment.

eqfil — Equalizer filter

event — Generates a score event from an instrument.

event_i — Generates a score event from an instrument.

exitnow — Exit csound as fast as possible, with no cleaning up.

exp — Returns e raised to the x-th power.

expcurve — This opcode implements a formula for generating a normalised exponential curve in range 0 - 1. It is based on the Max / MSP work of Eric Singer (c) 1994.

expon — Trace an exponential curve between specified points.

exprand — Exponential distribution random number generator (positive values only).

expseg — Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points.

expsega — An exponential segment generator operating at a-rate.

expsegr — Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points including a release segment.

ficlose — Closes a previously opened file.

filelen — Returns the length of a sound file.

filenchnls — Returns the number of channels in a sound file.

filepeak — Returns the peak absolute value of a sound file.

filesr — Returns the sample rate of a sound file.

filter2 — Performs filtering using a transposed form-II digital filter lattice with no time-varying control.

fin — Read signals from a file at a-rate.

fini — Read signals from a file at i-rate.

fink — Read signals from a file at k-rate.

fiopen — Opens a file in a specific mode.

flanger — A user controlled flanger.

flashtxt — Allows text to be displayed from instruments like sliders

flooper — Function-table-based crossfading looper.

flooper2 — Function-table-based crossfading looper.

floor — Returns the largest integer not greater than x

fmb3 — Uses FM synthesis to create a Hammond B3 organ sound.

fmbell — Uses FM synthesis to create a tublar bell sound.

fmmetal — Uses FM synthesis to create a “Heavy Metal” sound.

fmpercfl — Uses FM synthesis to create a percussive flute sound.

fmrhode — Uses FM synthesis to create a Fender Rhodes electric piano sound.

fmvoice — FM Singing Voice Synthesis

fmwurlie — Uses FM synthesis to create a Wurlitzer electric piano sound.

fof — Produces sinusoid bursts useful for formant and granular synthesis.

fof2 — Produces sinusoid bursts including k-rate incremental indexing with each successive burst.

fofilter — Formant filter.

fog — Audio output is a succession of grains derived from data in a stored function table

fold — Adds artificial foldover to an audio signal.

follow — Envelope follower unit generator.

follow2 — Another controllable envelope extractor.

foscil — A basic frequency modulated oscillator.

foscili — Basic frequency modulated oscillator with linear interpolation.

fout — Outputs a-rate signals to an arbitrary number of channels.

fouti — Outputs i-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.

foutir — Outputs i-rate signals from an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.

foutk — Outputs k-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file, in raw (headerless) format.

fprintks — Similar to printks but prints to a file.

fprints — Similar to prints but prints to a file.

frac — Returns the fractional part of a decimal number.

freeverb — Opcode version of Jezar's Freeverb

ftchnls — Returns the number of channels in a stored function table.

ftconv — Low latency multichannel convolution, using a function table as impulse response source.

ftfree — Deletes function table.

ftgen — Generate a score function table from within the orchestra.

ftgentmp — Generate a score function table from within the orchestra, which is deleted at the end of the note.

ftlen — Returns the size of a stored function table.

ftload — Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file.

ftloadk — Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file.

ftlptim — Returns the loop segment start-time of a stored function table number.

ftmorf — Morphs between multiple ftables as specified in a list.

ftsave — Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file.

ftsavek — Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file.

ftsr — Returns the sampling-rate of a stored function table.

gain — Adjusts the amplitude audio signal according to a root-mean-square value.

gainslider — An implementation of a logarithmic gain curve which is similar to the gainslider~ object from Cycling 74 Max / MSP.

gauss — Gaussian distribution random number generator.

gbuzz — Output is a set of harmonically related cosine partials.

getcfg — Return Csound settings.

gogobel — Audio output is a tone related to the striking of a cow bell or similar.

goto — Transfer control on every pass.

grain — Generates granular synthesis textures.

grain2 — Easy-to-use granular synthesis texture generator.

grain3 — Generate granular synthesis textures with more user control.

granule — A more complex granular synthesis texture generator.

guiro — Semi-physical model of a guiro sound.

harmon — Analyze an audio input and generate harmonizing voices in synchrony.

harmon2 — Analyze an audio input and generate harmonizing voices in synchrony with formants preserved.

hilbert — A Hilbert transformer.

hrtfer — Creates 3D audio for two speakers.

hrtfmove — Generates dynamic 3d binaural audio for headphones using magnitude interpolation and phase truncation.

hrtfmove2 — Generates dynamic 3d binaural audio for headphones using a Woodworth based spherical head model with improved low frequency phase accuracy.

hrtfstat — Generates static 3d binaural audio for headphones using a Woodworth based spherical head model with improved low frequency phase accuracy.

hsboscil — An oscillator which takes tonality and brightness as arguments.

hvs1 — Allows one-dimensional Hyper Vectorial Synthesis (HVS) controlled by externally-updated k-variables.

hvs2 — Allows two-dimensional Hyper Vectorial Synthesis (HVS) controlled by externally-updated k-variables.

hvs3 — Allows three-dimensional Hyper Vectorial Synthesis (HVS) controlled by externally-updated k-variables.

i — Returns an init-type equivalent of a k-rate argument.

if — Branches conditionally at initialization or during performance time.

igoto — Transfer control during the i-time pass.

ihold — Creates a held note.

imagecreate — Create an empty image of a given size.

imagefree — Frees memory allocated for a previously loaded or created image.

imagegetpixel — Return the RGB pixel values of a previously opened or created image.

imageload — Load an image.

imagesave — Save a previously created image.

imagesetpixel — Set the RGB value of a pixel inside a previously opened or created image.

imagesize — Return the width and height of a previously opened or created image.

in — Reads mono audio data from an external device or stream.

inch — Reads from a numbered channel in an external audio signal or stream.

init — Puts the value of the i-time expression into a k- or a-rate variable.

initc14 — Initializes the controllers used to create a 14-bit MIDI value.

initc21 — Initializes the controllers used to create a 21-bit MIDI value.

initc7 — Initializes the controller used to create a 7-bit MIDI value.

inrg — Allow input from a range of adjacent audio channels from the audio input device

ins — Reads stereo audio data from an external device or stream.

insremot — An opcode which can be used to implement a remote orchestra. This opcode will send note events from a source machine to one destination.

insglobal — An opcode which can be used to implement a remote orchestra. This opcode will send note events from a source machine to many destinations.

instr — Starts an instrument block.

int — Extracts an integer from a decimal number.

integ — Modify a signal by integration.

interp — Converts a control signal to an audio signal using linear interpolation.

invalue — Reads a k-rate signal from a user-defined channel.

inz — Reads multi-channel audio samples into a ZAK array from an external device or stream.

jacktransport — Start/stop jack_transport and can optionally relocate the playback head.

jitter — Generates a segmented line whose segments are randomly generated.

jitter2 — Generates a segmented line with user-controllable random segments.

jspline — A jitter-spline generator.

k — Converts a i-rate parameter to an k-rate value.

kgoto — Transfer control during the p-time passes.

kr — Sets the control rate.

ksmps — Sets the number of samples in a control period.

ktableseg — Deprecated.

lfo — A low frequency oscillator of various shapes.

limit — Sets the lower and upper limits of the value it processes.

line — Trace a straight line between specified points.

linen — Applies a straight line rise and decay pattern to an input amp signal.

linenr — The linen opcode extended with a final release segment.

lineto — Generate glissandos starting from a control signal.

linrand — Linear distribution random number generator (positive values only).

linseg — Trace a series of line segments between specified points.

linsegr — Trace a series of line segments between specified points including a release segment.

locsend — Distributes the audio signals of a previous locsig opcode.

locsig — Takes and input signal and distributes between 2 or 4 channels.

log — Returns a natural log.

log10 — Returns a base 10 log.

logbtwo — Performs a logarithmic base two calculation.

logcurve — This opcode implements a formula for generating a normalised logarithmic curve in range 0 - 1. It is based on the Max / MSP work of Eric Singer (c) 1994.

loop_ge — Looping constructions.

loop_gt — Looping constructions.

loop_le — Looping constructions.

loop_lt — Looping constructions.

loopseg — Generate control signal consisting of linear segments delimited by two or more specified points.

loopsegp — Control signals based on linear segments.

lorenz — Implements the Lorenz system of equations.

loscil — Read sampled sound from a table.

loscil3 — Read sampled sound from a table using cubic interpolation.

loscilx — Loop oscillator.

lowpass2 — A resonant lowpass filter.

lowres — Another resonant lowpass filter.

lowresx — Simulates layers of serially connected resonant lowpass filters.

lpf18 — A 3-pole sweepable resonant lowpass filter.

lpfreson — Resynthesises a signal from the data passed internally by a previous lpread, applying formant shifting.

lphasor — Generates a table index for sample playback

lpinterp — Computes a new set of poles from the interpolation between two analysis.

lposcil — Read sampled sound from a table with optional looping and high precision.

lposcil3 — Read sampled sound from a table with high precision and cubic interpolation.

lposcila — Read sampled sound from a table with optional looping and high precision.

lposcilsa — Read stereo sampled sound from a table with optional looping and high precision.

lposcilsa2 — Read stereo sampled sound from a table with optional looping and high precision.

lpread — Reads a control file of time-ordered information frames.

lpreson — Resynthesises a signal from the data passed internally by a previous lpread.

lpshold — Generate control signal consisting of held segments.

lpsholdp — Control signals based on held segments.

lpslot — Selects the slot to be use by further lp opcodes.

mac — Multiplies and accumulates a- and k-rate signals.

maca — Multiply and accumulate a-rate signals only.

madsr — Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the linsegr mechanism.

mandel — Mandelbrot set

mandol — An emulation of a mandolin.

marimba — Physical model related to the striking of a wooden block.

massign — Assigns a MIDI channel number to a Csound instrument.

max — Produces a signal that is the maximum of any number of input signals.

maxabs — Produces a signal that is the maximum of the absolute values of any number of input signals.

maxabsaccum — Accumulates the maximum of the absolute values of audio signals.

maxaccum — Accumulates the maximum value of audio signals.

maxalloc — Limits the number of allocations of an instrument.

max_k — Local maximum (or minimum) value of an incoming asig signal

mclock — Sends a MIDI CLOCK message.

mdelay — A MIDI delay opcode.

metro — Trigger Metronome

midic14 — Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.

midic21 — Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.

midic7 — Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.

midichannelaftertouch — Gets a MIDI channel's aftertouch value.

midichn — Returns the MIDI channel number from which the note was activated.

midicontrolchange — Gets a MIDI control change value.

midictrl — Get the current value (0-127) of a specified MIDI controller.

mididefault — Changes values, depending on MIDI activation.

midiin — Returns a generic MIDI message received by the MIDI IN port.

midinoteoff — Gets a MIDI noteoff value.

midinoteoncps — Gets a MIDI note number as a cycles-per-second frequency.

midinoteonkey — Gets a MIDI note number value.

midinoteonoct — Gets a MIDI note number value as octave-point-decimal value.

midinoteonpch — Gets a MIDI note number as a pitch-class value.

midion — Generates MIDI note messages at k-rate.

midion2 — Sends noteon and noteoff messages to the MIDI OUT port.

midiout — Sends a generic MIDI message to the MIDI OUT port.

midipitchbend — Gets a MIDI pitchbend value.

midipolyaftertouch — Gets a MIDI polyphonic aftertouch value.

midiprogramchange — Gets a MIDI program change value.

miditempo — Returns the current tempo at k-rate, of either the MIDI file (if available) or the score

midremot — An opcode which can be used to implement a remote midi orchestra. This opcode will send midi events from a source machine to one destination.

midglobal — An opcode which can be used to implement a remote midi orchestra. This opcode will broadcast the midi events to all the machines involved in the remote concert.

min — Produces a signal that is the minimum of any number of input signals.

minabs — Produces a signal that is the minimum of the absolute values of any number of input signals.

minabsaccum — Accumulates the minimum of the absolute values of audio signals.

minaccum — Accumulates the minimum value of audio signals.

mirror — Reflects the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds.

MixerSetLevel — Sets the level of a send to a buss.

MixerGetLevel — Gets the level of a send to a buss.

MixerSend — Mixes an arate signal into a channel of a buss.

MixerReceive — Receives an arate signal from a channel of a buss.

MixerClear — Resets all channels of a buss to 0.

mode — A filter that simulates a mass-spring-damper system

monitor — Returns the audio spout frame.

moog — An emulation of a mini-Moog synthesizer.

moogladder — Moog ladder lowpass filter.

moogvcf — A digital emulation of the Moog diode ladder filter configuration.

moogvcf2 — A digital emulation of the Moog diode ladder filter configuration.

moscil — Sends a stream of the MIDI notes.

mpulse — Generates a set of impulses.

mrtmsg — Send system real-time messages to the MIDI OUT port.

multitap — Multitap delay line implementation.

mute — Mutes/unmutes new instances of a given instrument.

mxadsr — Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the expsegr mechanism.

nchnls — Sets the number of channels of audio output.

nestedap — Three different nested all-pass filters.

nlfilt — A filter with a non-linear effect.

noise — A white noise generator with an IIR lowpass filter.

noteoff — Send a noteoff message to the MIDI OUT port.

noteon — Send a noteon message to the MIDI OUT port.

noteondur — Sends a noteon and a noteoff MIDI message both with the same channel, number and velocity.

noteondur2 — Sends a noteon and a noteoff MIDI message both with the same channel, number and velocity.

notnum — Get a note number from a MIDI event.

nreverb — A reverberator consisting of 6 parallel comb-lowpass filters.

nrpn — Sends a Non-Registered Parameter Number to the MIDI OUT port.

nsamp — Returns the number of samples loaded into a stored function table number.

nstrnum — Returns the number of a named instrument.

ntrpol — Calculates the weighted mean value of two input signals.

octave — Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of octaves.

octcps — Converts a cycles-per-second value to octave-point-decimal.

octmidi — Get the note number, in octave-point-decimal units, of the current MIDI event.

octmidib — Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in octave-point-decimal.

octmidinn — Converts a Midi note number value to octave-point-decimal.

octpch — Converts a pitch-class value to octave-point-decimal.

opcode — Defines the start of user-defined opcode block.

OSCsend — Sends data to other processes using the OSC protocol

OSCinit — Start a listening process for OSC messages to a particular port.

OSClisten — Listen for OSC messages to a particular path.

oscbnk — Mixes the output of any number of oscillators.

oscil — A simple oscillator.

oscil1 — Accesses table values by incremental sampling.

oscil1i — Accesses table values by incremental sampling with linear interpolation.

oscil3 — A simple oscillator with cubic interpolation.

oscili — A simple oscillator with linear interpolation.

oscilikt — A linearly interpolated oscillator that allows changing the table number at k-rate.

osciliktp — A linearly interpolated oscillator that allows allows phase modulation.

oscilikts — A linearly interpolated oscillator with sync status that allows changing the table number at k-rate.

osciln — Accesses table values at a user-defined frequency.

oscils — A simple, fast sine oscillator

oscilx — Same as the osciln opcode.

out — Writes mono audio data to an external device or stream.

outc — Writes audio data with an arbitrary number of channels to an external device or stream.

outch — Writes multi-channel audio data, with user-controllable channels, to an external device or stream.

outiat — Sends MIDI aftertouch messages at i-rate.

outic — Sends MIDI controller output at i-rate.

outic14 — Sends 14-bit MIDI controller output at i-rate.

outipat — Sends polyphonic MIDI aftertouch messages at i-rate.

outipb — Sends MIDI pitch-bend messages at i-rate.

outipc — Sends MIDI program change messages at i-rate

outkat — Sends MIDI aftertouch messages at k-rate.

outkc — Sends MIDI controller messages at k-rate.

outkc14 — Sends 14-bit MIDI controller output at k-rate.

outkpat — Sends polyphonic MIDI aftertouch messages at k-rate.

outkpb — Sends MIDI pitch-bend messages at k-rate.

outkpc — Sends MIDI program change messages at k-rate.

outrg — Allow output to a range of adjacent audio channels on the audio input device

outs — Writes stereo audio data to an external device or stream.

outs1 — Writes samples to stereo channel 1 of an external device or stream.

outs2 — Writes samples to stereo channel 2 of an external device or stream.

outvalue — Sends a k-rate signal or string to a user-defined channel.

outz — Writes multi-channel audio data from a ZAK array to an external device or stream.

p — Show the value in a given p-field.

pan — Distribute an audio signal amongst four channels.

pan2 — Distribute an audio signal across two channels.

pareq — Implementation of Zoelzer's parametric equalizer filters.

partials — Partial track spectral analysis.

partikkel — Granular synthesizer with "per grain" control over many of its parameters. Has a sync input to sychronize its internal grain scheduler clock to an external clock source.

partikkelsync — Outputs partikkel's grain scheduler clock pulse and phase to synchronize several instances of the partikkel opcode to the same clock source.