bqrez — A second-order multi-mode filter.
imode (optional, default=0) -- The mode of the filter. Choose from one of the following:
0 = low-pass (default)
1 = high-pass
2 = band-pass
3 = band-reject
4 = all-pass
iskip (optional, default=0) -- if non zero skip the initialisation of the filter. (New in Csound version 4.23f13 and 5.0)
ares -- output audio signal.
asig -- input audio signal.
xfco -- filter cut-off frequency in Hz. May be i-time, k-rate, a-rate.
xres -- amount of resonance. Values of 1 to 100 are typical. Resonance should be one or greater. A value of 100 gives a 20dB gain at the cutoff frequency. May be i-time, k-rate, a-rate.
All filter modes can be frequency modulated as well as the resonance can also be frequency modulated.
bqrez is a resonant low-pass filter created using the Laplace s-domain equations for low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass filters normalized to a frequency. The bi-linear transform was used which contains a frequency transform constant from s-domain to z-domain to exactly match the frequencies together. Alot of trigonometric identities where used to simplify the calculation. It is very stable across the working frequency range up to the Nyquist frequency.
Here is an example of the bqrez opcode. It uses the file bqrez.csd.
Example 56. Example of the bqrez opcode borrowed from the “rezzy” opcode in Kevin Conder's manual.
See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.
<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform ; Audio out Audio in No messages -odac -iadc -d ;;;RT audio I/O ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below: ; -o bqrez.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> /* Written by Matt Gerassimof from example by Kevin Conder */ ; Initialize the global variables. sr = 44100 kr = 4410 ksmps = 10 nchnls = 1 ; Instrument #1. instr 1 ; Use a nice sawtooth waveform. asig vco 16000, 220, 1 ; Vary the filter-cutoff frequency from .2 to 2 KHz. kfco line 200, p3, 2000 ; Set the resonance amount. kres init 0.99 a1 bqrez asig, kfco, kres out a1 endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> /* Written by Matt Gerassimof from example by Kevin Conder */ ; Table #1, a sine wave for the vco opcode. f 1 0 16384 10 1 ; Play Instrument #1 for three seconds. i 1 0 3 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>