----------- 0 ----------- FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbutBank 0 0 1 0 "No name for FLbutbank" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "Load Bank" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "Save Bank" FLbutton 1 0 1 0 "Save Snapshot" FLcount 0 0 5 0 "Index" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "On/Off" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "MIDI" FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLslider 325 20 20000 -1 "Base Frequency" FLslider 5 0 20 0 "Modulation Index 1" FLslider 0.702 0 20 0 "Modulation Index 2" FLslider 20000 0 30000 0 "Carrier Amplitude" FLknob 0.002 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 3 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLknob 0.002 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 3 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLknob 0.002 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 7 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLtext 1 0.125 8 0 " " FLtext 1.377 0.125 8 0 " " FLtext 1.3853 0.125 8 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 ":" FLbox 0 0 1 0 ":" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Carrier Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Modulator 1 Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Modulator 2 Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "INDEX 1 ENVELOPE " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "INDEX 2 ENVELOPE " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "AMPLITUDE ENVELOPE" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "P r e s e t s :" FLbox 0 0 1 0 " FM Synthesis: 2 Modulators->Carrier with envelopes " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "-------------------------------------------------------------" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "As we introduce more oscillators into the FM algorithm " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "(either as modulators or carriers) more complex modulations " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "are possible. Spectral possibilties also increase although " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "control of discord in the timbre becomes more of an issue. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "A simple algorithm using three oscillators is that of a " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "carrier's frequency being modulated by the audio output of " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "two modulators simulataneously. (See diagram below.) " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "If the ratios of the two modulators are offset slightly a " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "dramatic spectral modulation is heard simular to the effect " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "of lowpass filter with its cutoff modulated by an LFO. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Another approach is to give the envelope of one of modulators" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "a very short percussive nature in order that it reflects " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "the immediate attack of a sound such as the sound of a mallet" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "striking a resonating object the 2nd modulator can be used to" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "create the spectrum of the sustain portion or the main body " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "of the sound. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Some presets are provided - first click on 'load bank' in " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "order to access them. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "This example is also playable from a MIDI keyboard if the " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "'MIDI' switch is activated. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " 2 MODULATORS AND A CARRIER FM SYNTHESIS ALGORITHM " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " ---------------------------------------------------------- " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-------------+ +-------------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | oscil | | oscil | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " |(modulator 1)| |(modulator 2)| " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-------+ +-----+-------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +---------+-------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-----+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | oscil | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | (carrier) | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-----+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " OUT " ----------- 1 ----------- FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbutBank 2 0 1 0 "No name for FLbutbank" FLbutton 1 0 1 0 "Load Bank" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "Save Bank" FLbutton 1 0 1 0 "Save Snapshot" FLcount 1 0 5 0 "Index" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "On/Off" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "MIDI" FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLslider 524.542 20 20000 -1 "Base Frequency" FLslider 4.47368 0 20 0 "Modulation Index 1" FLslider 1.05263 0 20 0 "Modulation Index 2" FLslider 20000 0 30000 0 "Carrier Amplitude" FLknob 0.194 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 0.517 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0.732 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLknob 0.894 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 0 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0.755 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0.33 0 8 0 "Delay" FLknob 0.085 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 7 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0.81 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLtext 1 0.125 8 0 " " FLtext 2 0.125 8 0 " " FLtext 2.0095 0.125 8 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 ":" FLbox 0 0 1 0 ":" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Carrier Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Modulator 1 Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Modulator 2 Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "INDEX 1 ENVELOPE " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "INDEX 2 ENVELOPE " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "AMPLITUDE ENVELOPE" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "P r e s e t s :" FLbox 0 0 1 0 " FM Synthesis: 2 Modulators->Carrier with envelopes " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "-------------------------------------------------------------" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "As we introduce more oscillators into the FM algorithm " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "(either as modulators or carriers) more complex modulations " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "are possible. Spectral possibilties also increase although " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "control of discord in the timbre becomes more of an issue. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "A simple algorithm using three oscillators is that of a " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "carrier's frequency being modulated by the audio output of " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "two modulators simulataneously. (See diagram below.) " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "If the ratios of the two modulators are offset slightly a " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "dramatic spectral modulation is heard simular to the effect " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "of lowpass filter with its cutoff modulated by an LFO. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Another approach is to give the envelope of one of modulators" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "a very short percussive nature in order that it reflects " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "the immediate attack of a sound such as the sound of a mallet" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "striking a resonating object the 2nd modulator can be used to" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "create the spectrum of the sustain portion or the main body " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "of the sound. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Some presets are provided - first click on 'load bank' in " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "order to access them. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "This example is also playable from a MIDI keyboard if the " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "'MIDI' switch is activated. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " 2 MODULATORS AND A CARRIER FM SYNTHESIS ALGORITHM " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " ---------------------------------------------------------- " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-------------+ +-------------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | oscil | | oscil | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " |(modulator 1)| |(modulator 2)| " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-------+ +-----+-------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +---------+-------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-----+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | oscil | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | (carrier) | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-----+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " OUT " ----------- 2 ----------- FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbutBank 0 0 1 0 "No name for FLbutbank" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "Load Bank" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "Save Bank" FLbutton 1 0 1 0 "Save Snapshot" FLcount 2 0 5 0 "Index" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "On/Off" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "MIDI" FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLslider 96.0019 20 20000 -1 "Base Frequency" FLslider 4.47368 0 20 0 "Modulation Index 1" FLslider 1.05263 0 20 0 "Modulation Index 2" FLslider 20000 0 30000 0 "Carrier Amplitude" FLknob 0.194 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 0.517 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0.732 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLknob 0.894 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 0 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0.755 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0.33 0 8 0 "Delay" FLknob 0.085 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 7 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0.81 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLtext 1 0.125 8 0 " " FLtext 1 0.125 8 0 " " FLtext 1.0363 0.125 8 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 ":" FLbox 0 0 1 0 ":" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Carrier Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Modulator 1 Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Modulator 2 Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "INDEX 1 ENVELOPE " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "INDEX 2 ENVELOPE " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "AMPLITUDE ENVELOPE" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "P r e s e t s :" FLbox 0 0 1 0 " FM Synthesis: 2 Modulators->Carrier with envelopes " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "-------------------------------------------------------------" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "As we introduce more oscillators into the FM algorithm " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "(either as modulators or carriers) more complex modulations " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "are possible. Spectral possibilties also increase although " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "control of discord in the timbre becomes more of an issue. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "A simple algorithm using three oscillators is that of a " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "carrier's frequency being modulated by the audio output of " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "two modulators simulataneously. (See diagram below.) " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "If the ratios of the two modulators are offset slightly a " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "dramatic spectral modulation is heard simular to the effect " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "of lowpass filter with its cutoff modulated by an LFO. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Another approach is to give the envelope of one of modulators" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "a very short percussive nature in order that it reflects " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "the immediate attack of a sound such as the sound of a mallet" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "striking a resonating object the 2nd modulator can be used to" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "create the spectrum of the sustain portion or the main body " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "of the sound. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Some presets are provided - first click on 'load bank' in " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "order to access them. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "This example is also playable from a MIDI keyboard if the " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "'MIDI' switch is activated. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " 2 MODULATORS AND A CARRIER FM SYNTHESIS ALGORITHM " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " ---------------------------------------------------------- " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-------------+ +-------------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | oscil | | oscil | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " |(modulator 1)| |(modulator 2)| " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-------+ +-----+-------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +---------+-------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-----+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | oscil | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | (carrier) | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-----+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " OUT " ----------- 3 ----------- FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbutBank 0 0 1 0 "No name for FLbutbank" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "Load Bank" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "Save Bank" FLbutton 1 0 1 0 "Save Snapshot" FLcount 3 0 5 0 "Index" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "On/Off" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "MIDI" FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLslider 170.718 20 20000 -1 "Base Frequency" FLslider 7.36842 0 20 0 "Modulation Index 1" FLslider 6.14035 0 20 0 "Modulation Index 2" FLslider 20000 0 30000 0 "Carrier Amplitude" FLknob 0.001 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 0.097 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLknob 0.096 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 2.66 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLknob 0.004 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 15 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLtext 3 0.125 8 0 " " FLtext 1.333 0.125 8 0 " " FLtext 1.677 0.125 8 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 ":" FLbox 0 0 1 0 ":" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Carrier Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Modulator 1 Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Modulator 2 Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "INDEX 1 ENVELOPE " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "INDEX 2 ENVELOPE " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "AMPLITUDE ENVELOPE" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "P r e s e t s :" FLbox 0 0 1 0 " FM Synthesis: 2 Modulators->Carrier with envelopes " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "-------------------------------------------------------------" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "As we introduce more oscillators into the FM algorithm " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "(either as modulators or carriers) more complex modulations " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "are possible. Spectral possibilties also increase although " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "control of discord in the timbre becomes more of an issue. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "A simple algorithm using three oscillators is that of a " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "carrier's frequency being modulated by the audio output of " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "two modulators simulataneously. (See diagram below.) " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "If the ratios of the two modulators are offset slightly a " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "dramatic spectral modulation is heard simular to the effect " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "of lowpass filter with its cutoff modulated by an LFO. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Another approach is to give the envelope of one of modulators" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "a very short percussive nature in order that it reflects " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "the immediate attack of a sound such as the sound of a mallet" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "striking a resonating object the 2nd modulator can be used to" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "create the spectrum of the sustain portion or the main body " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "of the sound. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Some presets are provided - first click on 'load bank' in " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "order to access them. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "This example is also playable from a MIDI keyboard if the " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "'MIDI' switch is activated. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " 2 MODULATORS AND A CARRIER FM SYNTHESIS ALGORITHM " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " ---------------------------------------------------------- " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-------------+ +-------------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | oscil | | oscil | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " |(modulator 1)| |(modulator 2)| " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-------+ +-----+-------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +---------+-------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-----+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | oscil | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | (carrier) | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-----+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " OUT " ----------- 4 ----------- FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbutBank 4 0 1 0 "No name for FLbutbank" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "Load Bank" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "Save Bank" FLbutton 1 0 1 0 "Save Snapshot" FLcount 4 0 5 0 "Index" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "On/Off" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "MIDI" FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLslider 55.5623 20 20000 -1 "Base Frequency" FLslider 12.5439 0 20 0 "Modulation Index 1" FLslider 10.3509 0 20 0 "Modulation Index 2" FLslider 20000 0 30000 0 "Carrier Amplitude" FLknob 0.001 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 0.097 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLknob 0.096 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 2.66 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLknob 0.004 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 15 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLtext 1 0.125 8 0 " " FLtext 1.02 0.125 8 0 " " FLtext 1.01 0.125 8 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 ":" FLbox 0 0 1 0 ":" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Carrier Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Modulator 1 Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Modulator 2 Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "INDEX 1 ENVELOPE " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "INDEX 2 ENVELOPE " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "AMPLITUDE ENVELOPE" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "P r e s e t s :" FLbox 0 0 1 0 " FM Synthesis: 2 Modulators->Carrier with envelopes " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "-------------------------------------------------------------" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "As we introduce more oscillators into the FM algorithm " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "(either as modulators or carriers) more complex modulations " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "are possible. Spectral possibilties also increase although " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "control of discord in the timbre becomes more of an issue. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "A simple algorithm using three oscillators is that of a " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "carrier's frequency being modulated by the audio output of " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "two modulators simulataneously. (See diagram below.) " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "If the ratios of the two modulators are offset slightly a " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "dramatic spectral modulation is heard simular to the effect " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "of lowpass filter with its cutoff modulated by an LFO. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Another approach is to give the envelope of one of modulators" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "a very short percussive nature in order that it reflects " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "the immediate attack of a sound such as the sound of a mallet" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "striking a resonating object the 2nd modulator can be used to" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "create the spectrum of the sustain portion or the main body " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "of the sound. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Some presets are provided - first click on 'load bank' in " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "order to access them. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "This example is also playable from a MIDI keyboard if the " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "'MIDI' switch is activated. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " 2 MODULATORS AND A CARRIER FM SYNTHESIS ALGORITHM " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " ---------------------------------------------------------- " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-------------+ +-------------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | oscil | | oscil | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " |(modulator 1)| |(modulator 2)| " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-------+ +-----+-------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +---------+-------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-----+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | oscil | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | (carrier) | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-----+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " OUT " ----------- 5 ----------- FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbutBank 3 0 1 0 "No name for FLbutbank" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "Load Bank" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "Save Bank" FLbutton 1 0 1 0 "Save Snapshot" FLcount 5 0 5 0 "Index" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "On/Off" FLbutton 0 0 1 0 "MIDI" FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLvalue 0 0 1 0 " " FLslider 428.825 20 20000 -1 "Base Frequency" FLslider 5 0 20 0 "Modulation Index 1" FLslider 5.08772 0 20 0 "Modulation Index 2" FLslider 20000 0 30000 0 "Carrier Amplitude" FLknob 0.001 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 0.023 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLknob 0.001 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 0.019 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLknob 0.004 0.001 8 0 "Attack" FLknob 4.683 0 15 0 "Decay" FLknob 0 0 1 0 "Sustain" FLknob 0.5 0 15 0 "Release" FLknob 0 0 8 0 "Delay" FLtext 1 0.125 8 0 " " FLtext 4.333 0.125 8 0 " " FLtext 5.677 0.125 8 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 ":" FLbox 0 0 1 0 ":" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Carrier Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Modulator 1 Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Modulator 2 Frequency" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "INDEX 1 ENVELOPE " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "INDEX 2 ENVELOPE " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "AMPLITUDE ENVELOPE" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "P r e s e t s :" FLbox 0 0 1 0 " FM Synthesis: 2 Modulators->Carrier with envelopes " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "-------------------------------------------------------------" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "As we introduce more oscillators into the FM algorithm " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "(either as modulators or carriers) more complex modulations " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "are possible. Spectral possibilties also increase although " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "control of discord in the timbre becomes more of an issue. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "A simple algorithm using three oscillators is that of a " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "carrier's frequency being modulated by the audio output of " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "two modulators simulataneously. (See diagram below.) " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "If the ratios of the two modulators are offset slightly a " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "dramatic spectral modulation is heard simular to the effect " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "of lowpass filter with its cutoff modulated by an LFO. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Another approach is to give the envelope of one of modulators" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "a very short percussive nature in order that it reflects " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "the immediate attack of a sound such as the sound of a mallet" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "striking a resonating object the 2nd modulator can be used to" FLbox 0 0 1 0 "create the spectrum of the sustain portion or the main body " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "of the sound. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "Some presets are provided - first click on 'load bank' in " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "order to access them. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "This example is also playable from a MIDI keyboard if the " FLbox 0 0 1 0 "'MIDI' switch is activated. " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " 2 MODULATORS AND A CARRIER FM SYNTHESIS ALGORITHM " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " ---------------------------------------------------------- " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-------------+ +-------------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | oscil | | oscil | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " |(modulator 1)| |(modulator 2)| " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-------+ +-----+-------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +---------+-------+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-----+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | oscil | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | (carrier) | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " +-----+-----+ " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " | " FLbox 0 0 1 0 " OUT " ----------- 6 ----------- ---------------------------