;Written by Iain McCurdy, 2006 ;THE delay OPCODE IS PLACED IN A SEPARATE, ALWAYS ON, INSTRUMENT FROM THE SOURCE SOUND PRODUCING INSTRUMENT. ;THE IS A COMMONLY USED TECHNIQUE WITH TIME SMEARING OPCODES AND EFFECTS LIKE REVERBS AND DELAYS. ;ksmps MAY NEED TO BE LOW (AND kr THEREFORE HIGH) WHEN WORKING WITH SHORT DELAY TIMES DEFINED INITIALLY AT KRATE -+rtaudio=PortAudio -b4096 sr = 44100 ;SAMPLE RATE kr = 4410 ;CONTROL RATE ksmps = 10 ;NUMBER OF AUDIO SAMPLES IN EACH CONTROL CYCLE (MAY NEED TO BE LOW WHEN WORKING WITH SHORT DELAY TIMES DEFINED INITIALLY AT KRATE) nchnls = 2 ;NUMBER OF CHANNELS (2=STEREO) ;FLTK INTERFACE CODE;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; LABEL | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y FLpanel "delayr,delayw,deltap", 500, 150, 0, 0 ; ON | OFF | TYPE | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y | OPCODE | INS | STARTTIM | DUR gkOnOff,ihOnOff FLbutton "On/Off", 1, -1, 2, 200, 30, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -1 ;VALUE_DISPLAY_BOXES WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y iddlt FLvalue " ", 100, 20, 0, 80 idmix FLvalue " ", 100, 20, 0, 130 ;SLIDERS MIN | MAX | EXP | TYPE | DISP | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y gkdlt,ihdlt FLslider "Delay Time (sec)", .001, 5, 0, 5, iddlt, 500, 30, 0, 50 gkmix,ihmix FLslider "Dry/Wet Mix", 0, 1, 0, 5, idmix, 500, 30, 0, 100 ;SET_INITIAL_VALUES VALUE | HANDLE FLsetVal_i .5, ihdlt FLsetVal_i .5, ihmix FLsetVal_i -1, ihOnOff FLpanel_end ;END OF PANEL CONTENTS ;INSTRUCTIONS AND INFO PANEL FLpanel " ", 500, 620, 512, 0 ;TEXT BOXES TYPE | FONT | SIZE | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y ih FLbox " delayr delayw deltap ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 0 ih FLbox "-------------------------------------------------------------", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 20 ih FLbox "A common way to implement a delay line in Csound is through a", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 40 ih FLbox "combination of three opcodes. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 60 ih FLbox "Delayr is used to inititiate a delay buffer. This allocates ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 80 ih FLbox "computer RAM for audio storage. Delayr's only input argument ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 100 ih FLbox "is the duration of the buffer in seconds. The buffer duration", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 120 ih FLbox "should be at least equal to the duration of the longest delay", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 140 ih FLbox "tap required. The buffer duration can be overestimated but ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 160 ih FLbox "vast overestimation is wasteful of computer resources. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 180 ih FLbox "Delayr's audio output is the audio signal read at the end of ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 200 ih FLbox "the buffer. Normally this signal is left unused but it is ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 220 ih FLbox "still required to exist nonetheless. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 240 ih FLbox "Delayw is used to write audio into the beginning of the delay", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 260 ih FLbox "buffer. Its only input argument is the source signal to be ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 280 ih FLbox "written into the buffer. Delayw has no output arguments. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 300 ih FLbox "Deltap is used to tap the delay buffer at some point across ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 320 ih FLbox "its duration. Its only input argument is the delay time ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 340 ih FLbox "(in seconds) at which to tap the audio buffer. This time ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 360 ih FLbox "value should not exceed the entire duration of the buffer ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 380 ih FLbox "previously defined using delayr and it should not be less ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 400 ih FLbox "than ksmps (ksmps=control rate cycle duration) For this ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 420 ih FLbox "reason ksmps may need to be set low and therefore kr ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 440 ih FLbox "(kr=number of audio samples in a control-rate cycle) may need", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 460 ih FLbox "to be set high in to allow very short delay times. The delay ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 480 ih FLbox "time given to the deltap opcode should not be zero of a ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 500 ih FLbox "negative value. The deltap code is placed after the delayr ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 520 ih FLbox "code and before the delayw code. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 540 ih FLbox "There are opcodes that allow the creation of a delay in a ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 560 ih FLbox "single line of code but they do not allow the flexibilty of ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 580 ih FLbox "including further signal processing within the delay buffer. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 600 FLpanel_end FLrun ;RUN THE FLTK WIDGET THREAD ;END OF FLTK INTERFACE CODE;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; instr 1 ;PLAYS FILE if gkOnOff!=-1 kgoto CONTINUE ;SENSE FLTK ON/OFF SWITCH turnoff ;TURN THIS INSTRUMENT OFF IMMEDIATELY CONTINUE: ;OUTPUTS OPCODE FILE | SPEED | INSKIP | LOOPING (0=OFF 1=ON) gasigL, gasigR diskin "808loop.wav", 1, 0, 1 endin instr 2 ;DELAY INSTRUMENT ;;;LEFT CHANNEL DELAY;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; abufferL delayr 5 ;CREATE A DELAY BUFFER OF 5 SECONDS DURATION (EQUIVALENT TO THE MAXIMUM DELAY TIME POSSIBLE USING THIS EXAMPLE) adelsigL deltap gkdlt ;TAP THE DELAY LINE AT gkdlt SECONDS delayw gasigL ;WRITE AUDIO INTO THE BEGINNING OF THE BUFFER abufferR delayr 5 ;CREATE A DELAY BUFFER OF 5 SECONDS DURATION (EQUIVALENT TO THE MAXIMUM DELAY TIME POSSIBLE USING THIS EXAMPLE) adelsigR deltap gkdlt ;TAP THE DELAY LINE AT gkdlt SECONDS delayw gasigR ;WRITE AUDIO INTO THE BEGINNING OF THE BUFFER outs (adelsigL * gkmix) + (gasigL * (1-gkmix)), (adelsigR * gkmix) + (gasigR * (1-gkmix)) ;CREATE A MIX BETWEEN THE WET AND THE DRY SIGNALS AT THE OUTPUT gasigL = 0 ;CLEAR THE GLOBAL AUDIO SEND VARIABLES gasigR = 0 ;CLEAR THE GLOBAL AUDIO SEND VARIABLES endin ;INSTR | START | DURATION i 2 0 -1 ;INSTRUMENT 2 PLAYS A HELD NOTE f 0 3600 ;'DUMMY' SCORE EVENT KEEPS REALTIME PERFORMANCE GOING FOR 1 HOUR