a - Advance score time by a specified amount

b - Resets the clock

e - Marks the end of the last section of the score

f - Causes a GEN subroutine to place values in a stored function table

i - Makes an instrument active at a specific time and for a certain duration

m - Sets a named mark in the score

n - Repeats a section

q - Used to quiet an instrument

r - Starts a repeated section

s - Marks the end of a section

t - Sets the tempo

v - Provides for locally variable time warping of score events

x - Skip the rest of the current section

y - Set seed for random numbers, either from p1 or, if omitted, the clock

{ - Begins a non-sectional, nestable loop.

} - Ends a non-sectional, nestable loop.